Spirit of teamwork

Statement of the Problem Primary Problem After recruitment of new employees in the company, a newly composed team/group to pursue the projects of the company faced difficulties thus making the organizational process impossible. The difficulties resulted from poor personal interaction and lack of teamwork.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Spirit of teamwork specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Satellite Problems The group is unable to function effectively due to personal opinions and differences. The company is unable to realize its goals from the duties of the group. Implications Organization It becomes hard to realize the goals of the organization. This will definitely affect the performance and sustainability of the organization. The problem affects the working environment and other individuals have their capabilities and productivity for the organization reduced. The situation affects the reputation of the compa ny since more employees will find it impossible to work as teams. This might as well result in increased turnover rates. The eventual beneficiaries of the project done by the group are the consumers of the company. The continued problem will make sure they do not receive the necessary gains and services from the company. This will definitely tarnish the image of the company. Personnel The individuals in the group will be dissatisfied with the working plan. The inability to achieve and deliver will make them quietly and eventually affect the overall performance. Due to the nature of the problem faced by the group, definitely there will be more stressful working environment. This is because of poor communication and inability to address the problems affecting the individuals. With lack of proper performance while the individuals had joined the company with high expectations, the newly recruited employees in the organization might decide to leave the company. Majority are finding t he working environment unbearable and unrewarding. This might make the individuals give up on the job. The problem results in a poor organizational structure within the group and the company as a whole. This is a clear indication that the employees will find it unbearable to work one another and this will definitely affect the performance of the organization. Finally, failure to address the problem will definitely result in low productivity in the company. This means that the company will not implement its skills abilities and skills as it should thereby delivering inappropriate services to the customers. Alternative Solutions Status Quo Problem analysis and teamwork Description The status quo solution illustrates the possible occurrences if there is nothing done to address the situation as faced in the company. If as members of the group we do not perform any meaningful changes and offer strategic solutions, definitely things will get worse. According to the status quo, the comp any will face disagreements will become more evident, individuals will be at loggerheads, poor communication, and lack of motivation. The group will struggle fighting and will never achieve anything. This is what has been the case within the last two weeks. The individuals will also continue to disagree and eventually no one will achieve personal growth. Pros Cons * The team structure will remain the same. * Everyone will show expertise. * No time used to address the issue. * Disagreements/conflicts will increase. * A lack of productivity will develop. * Personal opportunity will be lost. Analysis One thing with the status quo alternative is that it fails to address the problem as faced by the group members. Because of this, it would be necessary that another approach or alternative is embraced because it will address the problem. This approach will not help us to analyze the essential causes of the problem or offer any new insights and ideas to deal with the problem. The co nflicts faced are personal with every individual lacking faith in the approach suggested by others. This makes it impossible to pursue a common approach and solve the faced problem completely. This means the company will never realize its goals despite that it employed numerous and complex recruitment process to bring the best to their company and facilitate performance. With increased pressure in the organization, it becomes extremely impossible to realize the goals of the team. This alternative therefore solves nothing and makes it impossible to address the problem as faced. Problem analysis and team work Description When there is a problem in a group, teamwork is the best approach to address the faced problems. Using organizational theories, teamwork promotes cohesion, decision-making, talent promotion, and solving problems whenever they occur.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn Mo re Although the members of our group have the expertise and the necessary skills, their personal ego can be dangerous since they should be working as a team. If as a team we embrace the spirit of teamwork, it will be possible to address the problems faced and ensure we all focused on the final common goal. As well, the organization should have a procedure of grouping old and new employees together because the new ones need to be guidance, and provide them with the right incentives thereby avoiding similar problems as the ones faced in the group. Pros Cons *Individual empowerment *Better decision making *Promotes communication and interaction *Strong spirit and motivation *Calls for patience *Withholding personal talents and abilities *Possible conflicts to arise Analysis Teamwork calls for group motivation and proper communication skills. With that in mind, it will be possible for the members of the group to complement one another and be in a position of addressing the uni que problems facing them. When organizational theories are in place, individuals in the group will find it possible to exchange their ideas and opinions about the project. They will offer their unique opinions and address any differences facing the project. This will make the group productive and eventually realize its goals and promote the performance of the organization. Recommendation From the nature of the case and the projected gains from the group, it is necessary for the members to embrace a spirit of teamwork. This will promote their participatory skills and accept the fact that they have different background and have varied skills. When they understand this, they will be ready to motivate one another and seek to address their differences rather than showing their personal opinions and expertise. This will make it possible for them to design the right procedure to address their differences and focus their attention on the final goals of the organization. They will have the c apacity to mentor, lead, influence, and motivate one another. Their communication process will also improve and eventually make it possible to realize their personal growth. Implementation The recommendation of a better group structure and work as a team is something that needs an immediate implementation. This is because the project is urgent and means a lot to the success of the organization. As well, a long-term can be essential towards the success of the company’s business and promote performance of future groups in the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Spirit of teamwork specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Communication is poor in the group with every individual having his/her own opinions and views about the way forward. The lack of common goal and sense of direction has affected the responsiveness of the group members. This explains why there is need to address this issue. An organizationa l culture in the team will promote its performance and inspire the members to goal-oriented. Immediate (1-2 Weeks) We need to outline the causes of disagreements and determine the possible solutions to them. Explore the available solutions to specific problems and differences and determine the most applicable ones. Embrace the best practices and encourage participation, decision making and personal reflections. It is also necessary to remain focused on the final goals of the project. Make the best decisions that promote teamwork. Provide incentives for working as a team and addressing the problems as faced. Long-term (1-12 months) Let the organization start to embrace diversity and organizational culture. Recruit individuals with the potential and desire to pursue the goals of groups and organization in general. Have a HR to address the unique needs and requirements of individuals in the organization. Promote a decision-making process for different groups whenever they have a mis sion to accomplish for the company. Future processes and groups should not bring new employees in one team because they are all new and have no idea what needs to be done, and what has been the process followed in the organization. There should be old employees to motivate and guide the new ones in the organization. This essay on Spirit of teamwork was written and submitted by user Julian Stevens to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Review of a qualitative research article Essay Example

Review of a qualitative research article Essay Example Review of a qualitative research article Essay Review of a qualitative research article Essay This essay is a reappraisal of a research article of how Local Authority Social workers make determinations when they are sing referrals of kids. The rubric of the survey is Threshold Decisions: How Social Workers Prioritize Referrals of Child Concern by Dendy Platt ( 2008 ) . I would try to critically measure this Qualitative diary article based on indispensable elements of the research which include the Title, Abstract, Introduction, Method, Findings and Conclusion. The survey examined how societal workers make picks on single instances of kids concern referrals, if to transport out a an initial Assessment i.e. Sect 17 of the Children Act 1989 or if to set about the Child Protection Procedure under the Sect. 47 of the Children Act 1989. The major determination suggests that Social workers prioritize their referrals based on five cardinal countries, Specificity, Severity, hazard, parental duty and documentation. It was reviewing to cognize that informations were collected from So cial workers and that Parents were besides involved. Title It is deserving observing that the rubric adequately prepares the reader as it gives good penetration into what the survey is approximately. The rubric of an article is really of import as it exposes the reader to an article. The cardinal words were appropriate and sufficient as they did recover the article upon typing the cardinal words in the hunt engine. ( Harmonizing to Descombe 2008 p.88 ) , a subject needs to be a really much more narrowly defined country of its survey. Abstraction The major determination in this article suggests that societal workers evaluate referrals based on five cardinal factors, specificity, badness, hazard, parental duty and documentation . It is deserving observing the abstract did fix a reader for this survey. The abstract clearly high spots that the purpose of the survey is to happen out how societal workers reach determination when to transport out an initial appraisal ( Sect 17 of kids act 1989 ) or a nucleus appraisal, ( Sect 47 of kids Act 1989 ) when sing referrals about kid concerns. The abstract clearly stated that the survey chose a qualitative attack. Harmonizing to ( Punch 2000 p. 243 ) , qualitative attack is frequently sensitive to context and treat to populate experience and local groundedness, where the research worker tries to acquire closer to what is being studied . Using qualitative method allows the research worker to happen out a batch about the survey. He went farther to explicate that qualitative research methods are the best manner we have of acquiring the insider s position ( Ibid ) Qualitative method allows the research worker to bring forth new theoretical thoughts. This happens because they are able to detect and talk to the people ( individual ) being studied and allows them to come up with new thoughts through out the survey. Being prejudice is one of the restrictions of qualitative research method because research workers can compose their ain position or even sentiment on the affair. But as we can see that making hard country is a great advantage to qualitative research method. ) Introduction Looking at the debut, it seems clear that the job that led to the research was that the reading of the developments of the refocusing enterprise has contributed to a clime where societal workers work frequently feel pulled and pushed in different waies by political and popular sentiment. The debut touched on relevant authorities policies and enterprises such as refocusing enterprise which was initiated by the authorities in 1990 and the model for Assessment of kids in demand. In my position, the writer attempted to measure the refocusing enterprise policy which attempts to refocus societal work pattern and to originate any necessary alterations. I partially agree with this impression as the survey may convey about positive alterations in the kid protection clime. But besides the writer needs to admit where he points on that the clime of kid protection is one of uncertainness, that societal work itself is a profession full of uncertainness . The research worker explained that the deduction of the refocusing enterprise is the rise in the threshold for credence of a kid protection referral as it was thought that the cost to household of kid protection processs were non acceptable in the instances where allegations are minor. In my position, the designation of spread of cognition shows that the job has significance for societal work pattern and the research may positively inform pattern. Interestingly, the research worker acknowledges and analyses old work on the kid protection field ( what is known ) but besides points out the cognition spread as it demonstrates how application of these factors differs between instances of kid concern and instances of kid protection ( What is desired to be known ) . I would reason that these grounds sum to sufficiently justification of this survey. Literature Review Knowledge spread was identified but author did non explicate how his work would try to shut the spread. Author made an attempt to critically reexamine the work of others and points out incompatibilities. The intent of the research is to analyze ways societal workers in England made determinations at the initial referral phase. It is my believe that since the writer decided to roll up information signifier societal workers and households suggest that research is from a grounded theory attack. Harmonizing to Punch ( 2000 p.163 ) Grounded theory is best defined as a research scheme whose intent is to bring forth theory from informations, To be grounded means fundamentally the theory is generated from informations. ( ibid ) My rational for asseverating that a grounded theory attack was implemented is that the writer made sense of the informations through constructs chiefly informed by societal workers and the find of these constructs begins from the interviews with the societal workers. ( Somekh and Lewin 2006p.49 ) point out that grounded theory is best described as an incorporate theoretical preparation that gives understanding about how organisation experience and respond to events that occur . From this definition, it could be argued that grounded theory was the most effectual manner to near this survey. Research workers do convey position to the research, although these positions tend to steer the inquiry and influence reading, but they do nt drive the research. ( ibid p.51 ) . However one of the drawbacks from this attack is that research may be influenced by the research worker s personal experiences and old surveies which therefore disable the research in nearing the survey with an unfastened head. Finding In my position, the research worker survey has a strong internal cogency, the research worker made a good attempt to extinguish the alternate accounts in his findings . The consequence nevertheless can non be applied beyond the sample. It would be clearly naive to believe that the findings reflect how societal workers in the UK determination devising. Method The Researcher implemented ethical rules. The societal workers involved have to be made cognizant of what they were acquiring into before make up ones minding to join forces. I would reason that appropriate processs were implemented ; besides the participant understood what the intent of the research. The research worker efficaciously anonymised participants individualities, which protected participants privateness. The likely result the research purpose to accomplish include possible alterations in policy, examine pattern issues for societal workers transporting out initial appraisal, where in the yesteryear, it would hold been a kid maltreatment probe ( Sect 47 of the kids Act 1989 ) One of the strengths of instance survey is that multiple methods and informations beginnings can be used to research and interrogate instance survey thereby taking to a good description of a research from the position of the participant ( Someth and Lewin 2006 p.33 ) . I do look up to the fact that the research implemented the instance survey attack as this gives the reader a really rich description of the survey and besides gives a reader a good apprehension on the issue. Dependability of the determination was promoted by the informations aggregation from two local governments who have a really different processs and pattern, besides All interviews were tape- recorded. Harmonizing to ( Silverman 2006p. 285 ) , working with the sound and picture recordings eliminates at one stroke many of the jobs that research workers have with the unspecified truth of field notes and limited public entree to them However the generalisation of the research may non be possible. The failing of instance survey is that it is non possible to generalise statistically from a little figure of instances to a population as a whole ( Someth and Lewin 2006 p.34 ) Mentions Punch, K.F. ( 2000 ) Introduction to Social Research Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. London: Sage Publication. Somekh, B. and Lewin, C. ( 2006 ) Research Methods in the Social Sciences. Sage Publication: London. Silverman, D. ( 2006 ) 2nd Edition. Qualitative Research. Theory, Method and Practice. Sage Publication: London. Denscombe, M. ( 2008 ) Land Rules for Good Research, a 10 usher for societal research workers. Open University: Buckingham.

Nutrition Related Diseases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nutrition Related Diseases - Essay Example The presence of these nutrients in the adequate amounts is essential for proper functioning of the body. Mudambi (2007) lists out the major nutrients as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Each of these nutrients performs their unique function, and various processes takes place through their unified functioning (p. 4). Each group of these nutrients altogether constitute over 40 essential nutrients which again produce over thousands of other substances that are essential for various body processes. As Ridgwell (1996) describes, among the various nutrients, carbohydrates and fats provide us with energy; proteins are used for growth and repair, vitamins and minerals help to protect our body and are also needed for maintenance. A diet can be considered as a balanced diet if it includes variety of healthy foods which supplements all the nutrients in the right proportion. Due to unhealthy eating habits world is now witnessing a rise in food borne illnesses and diet relate d disorders like obesity, diabetes, cancer, hypertension and heart diseases. Food borne illnesses are caused due to the consumption of contaminated food infected by microorganisms like bacteria, viruses or parasites or due to some chemicals in the food (NDDIC). Person suffering gets infections or irritations in gastrointestinal tract which result in symptoms like vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and fever. Food borne illnesses can affect a person suddenly after eating contaminated food. If food is highly contaminated, food borne illnesses may become severe which can even lead to death. Thus if a person is severely affected with food borne illnesses, immediate medical attention should be provided. The people who are most susceptible to food borne illnesses include infants, pregnant women, elderly persons or individuals with weak immune system. Thus extra care should be given for keeping food safe for people belonging to this risky category. Nutrient

Quality Management and Continuous Improvement DB Week One Essay

Quality Management and Continuous Improvement DB Week One - Essay Example agement in assessing and investigating performance in order to ensure their services are valuable and adhere to established standards (Warren et.al, 2011). For example, cost of auditing workers, software, customer satisfaction and speed of executing services. Prevention costs are the expenses incurred in an effort to minimize appraisal and failure cost (Warren et.al, 2011). For example, the cost of inspecting check-in and check-out processes, evaluating the employee’s performance, inspecting cleanness of the rooms and the process of changing over the rooms at the client’s request. Internal costs are the expenses the hotel will incur in establishing poor services or products such before they are actually offered to the clients (Warren et.al, 2011). For example, inappropriate rooms, delays in check-in, check-out and cost of rearranging the room, repair of the rooms, unoccupied capacity, cost of motivating workers, cost of redirecting clients to other hotels. External failure costs are the cost related to defect in products or services after it has been offered to the clients (Warren et.al, 2011). For example, the customer dissatisfaction with the quality of rooms may cause them fail to continue visiting the hotel in the future. Cost of appraisal and external cost are very essential because they assist the management to evaluate how customers view the services and suggest what the management may do in order to increase customer

Unit 1 Lab Assignemnt Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 1 Lab Assignemnt - Coursework Example To enable a DHCP client to use an address permanently, one creates client reservations. DHCP options pass additional IP setting to clients. Some of these options include DNS server and Domain name. The design of DHCP options involves definition of settings to establish the boundaries of a given DHCP configuration. Server options apply the options to all scopes defined while scope options apply to a single scope (It Essentials: Pc Hardware and Software Companion Guide 53). In addition to the DHCP configuration, there exist advanced settings. One can enable the pool configuration or specify additional service availability settings. Configuring a DHCP relay agent involves configuring the relay agent program in a computer allowing messages to be relayed across different subnets (It Essentials: Pc Hardware and Software Companion Guide 76) Setting up a relay agent on a computer on each subnet allows message traffic to be relayed to computers on different subnets (Bender 67). Configuration Protocol for IPv6 can also be configured for DHCP. The use of IPV6 allows many subnets to be created. Networking is important in any IT field. Proper understanding of this lab concepts helps prevent network errors that come about from improper configuration. Traffic jam, which is common problem to large networks, can be prevented if one adheres to proper configuration. Network security can also be guaranteed by proper

Relationship Between Identity and Employment

Relationship Between Identity and Employment How important is the relationship between a person’s occupation and his or her identity? Within human social contact, many of the interactions we have presume a link between paid occupation and identity. Such a presumption extends not only to the identity of the individual in question but also to the notion of a collective identity: an identity shared by the individual and his or her co-workers. The income generated from our work and the way in which we distribute it – the lifestyle it affords us – all help to shape our identity. However, there are other things which influence our identity; work being only one of them, and so establishing a causal link between occupation and identity can sometimes be difficult. When thinking about our identity within the economic framework of employment we must also consider the notion of representation: our feelings about our occupation and the money and lifestyle it affords us are shaped by the way others see us, and what they have.[1] Our identity is an encompassing concept that influences and is influenced by our relationships with other people. This logic dictates that our identities must be closely tied, in some way, to what we do, and how we interpret what we do in the context of our relationships. There is a close connection between doing and identity and the use of language in the creation of meaning and understanding of this[2]. Piaget[3] and Kagan[4] illustrate how children learn about the world through doing; how the realisation that we can act upon the environment contributes to our sense of self, and the realisation that we are separate from our environment. Children, therefore, come to realise that their actions have social meaning and that their approval as individuals is in direct correlation to what they do: we begin to learn about ourselves as individuals and as members of social groups. As we develop our identity is shaped by our competencies, especially in comparison with others, as well as our s ocial standing and the expectations placed upon us[5]. As adults, our identity becomes goal-oriented and this is largely influenced by society[6]. Occupation is a goal-oriented life activity. Goals are motivators because we view them in terms of the effect of goals met or unmet. Working late, volunteering, taking on extra responsibility allows us the opportunity to imagine praise, promotion, recognition because of our virtue. This imagining shapes our views of our future self and motivates us to further goal-directed action. Motivating images are often called possible selves[7] and they represent what we like might like to become or are afraid of becoming. Possible selves are useful for providing the catalyst to transfer thought to action and as we shape our own identity in a positive manner, our satisfaction increases. Our occupation is the vehicle through which we can develop and express our identities and in order for us to do so within our occupations we must demonstrate to others that we are competent to gain approval and avoid rejection. If we are competent it suggests that we are able to deal effectively with challenges that come our way; the more successful we are at dealing with challenges, the higher our self-confidence. Self-confidence highlights a clear link between our identity and a belief in the things that we are able to do. If our identities are crafted by our occupation and the way in which we perform within that sphere, then a threat to our ability to engage in an occupation becomes almost a threat to our identity. Disabilities often threaten the establishment of an identity based on competence.[8] Redundancy, for example, or unemployment can erode the shared experience of the labour process which can act as the basis for group identity[9] as well as the benchmark that enable us to sustain and articulate our individual identity.[10] For men, unemployment or redundancy can undermine their masculine identity as the traditional male-breadwinner and relegate them to the private rather than the public sphere, and for those used to employment, a lack of occupation can lead to identities becoming more privatised.[11] Turnbull argues that an occupational based identity may offer the individual the highest status and most positive self-image available to them.[12] In this way, those without an occupation, or w hose occupation affords them only the most basic living have identities defined by the notion of falling into a particular class, e.g. working class – here an identity is defined by subsistence. Poverty becomes a marker of status and position and can almost be a deprivation of identity. It is clear that an occupation is central to a sense of who we are and our worth which in turn influences how others see us and how we see other people, and since we spend most of our lives working this provides us with a sense of coherence which helps plays an important role in the shaping of both our individual and collective identity. It is important to note though, that occupation is only one factor amongst many which impacts upon our identity and its relative importance must be viewed alongside that of other social factors. In what ways do social factors shape our identities? It is true to suggest that our identity is made up of individual traits and interpersonal relationships as well as ideas and beliefs we derive from belonging to different groups. Every one of us has a number of different identities open to us and these identities tell us who we are and what each particular identity might involve. Social contexts will generally indicate which identity is most pertinent at any given time. Tajfel argues that there are times when our ‘group’ identity or social identity is more important to us than our personal identity and this decision is particularly dependent upon social factors.[13] Categorisation shapes our identities – when we categorise someone or something we do so in an attempt to understand them and their social environment. So labelling someone as a Muslim, or a Jew, or a football fan or black or white, unemployed or employed allows us to define the kinds of behaviour that are appropriate or even expected of that category. There are a number of different categories which bring with them their own factors which help to shape our identity and the behaviour that is expected of individuals who fall within a particular category. Perhaps some of the most obvious categories are those of race, gender, nationalism and class. When we talk about categorisation by gender, for example, it is often assumed that the role of an individual is defined by their genitalia and that there are social roles for males and social roles for females. This categorisation can be something against which individuals may rebel, but this can also be a group to which they belong tha t brings with it negative aspects, too. For example, a sub-category for women is often that of the victim; such groupings can have a substantial impact upon the identity of the individual. In everyday speech, we often use the word race to denote a group of individuals who have a particular way of talking about themselves and others – and again we often expect of these people particular types of behaviour, some of which can reinforce stereotypes and contribute to prejudice: social factors which can all affect the identity both of the individual themselves and the identity of the group itself.[14] We identify with groups we perceive that we belong to. This has two ramifications: part of what make me ‘me’ is my membership of a particular group, so sometimes there are in-groups and sometimes out-groups (us vs. them) but my identity is also shaped by the fact that I am truly a unique individual. My membership of a particular category or group is just as real to me as the fact that I know that I am unique. A further ramification of this concept is the notion that despite the fact that I am unique, my group self also makes me the same as others within my group. There will be some occasions when I will treat members of my group as being the same as me in some important and pertinent way. For example, I may believe that although I am different to the members of my group, in that I am ‘me’, I am also the same in that I believe that my nation is superior and more deserving of respect than yours (nationalism). Within individual groups Tajfel argues that group members compare themselves with each other, because this comparison allows them to define their group as positive (or negative) and therefore by default, see themselves in a positive (or negative) light. People are generally motivated to see their group as better than other similar groups, but often groups might try to belittle differences between groups in order to be able to view their own group favourably. For example, people from developing countries might regards their country as inferior technologically or economically but might believe that they live a morally much superior way of life. [15] Social factors, therefore, shape our identity in a variety of ways: they influence the way we view ourselves and others, the people we feel that we belong to and identify with, the behaviour we feel is expected of us, and of others and the worth we attribute to other individuals and groups, as well as to ourselves and the groups we feel we belong to. Bibliography Christiansen, C H. Defining Lives: Occupation as Identity: An Essay on Competence, Coherence and the Creation of Meaning. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 1999 Cooley, C.H. Human nature and the social order. New York. Scribner. 1902 Kagan, J. The Second Year: the emergence of self-awareness. Cambridge, MA. HUP. 1981 MacKenzie, R. Stuart, M. Forde, C. Greenwood, E. Perrett, R. Gardiner, J. All that is Solid? Class Identity and the Maintenance of a Collective Orientation amongst Redundant Steel Workers. Sociology 2006. Piaget. J. The construction of reality in the child. 1954. Basic. New York. Ruble, D. Social Cognition and Social Behaviour: developmental perspectives. New York. CUP. 1983 Tajfel, H. Social identity and intergroup behavior. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 1982 Vygotsky, LS. The instrumental method in Psychology. P134-143. 1981. Woodward, K. ed. An introduction to the Social Sciences: Understanding Social Change: questioning identity: gender, class, nation. Routledge. London. 2002 1 Footnotes [1] Woodward, K. ed. An introduction to the Social Sciences: Understanding Social Change: questioning identity: gender, class, nation. Routledge. London. 2002 [2] Vygotsky, LS. The instrumental method in Psychology. P134-143. 1981. [3] Piaget. J. The construction of reality in the child. 1954. Basic. New York. [4] Kagan, J. The Second Year: the emergence of self-awareness. Cambridge, MA. HUP. 1981 [5] Ruble, D. Social Cognition and Social Behaviour: developmental perspectives. New York. CUP. 1983 [6] Cooley, C.H. Human nature and the social order. New York. Scribner. 1902 [7] Christiansen, C H. Defining Lives: Occupation as Identity: An Essay on Competence, Coherence and the Creation of Meaning. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 1999 [8] Ibid. [9] MacKenzie, R. Stuart, M. Forde, C. Greenwood, E. Perrett, R. Gardiner, J. All that is Solid? Class Identity and the Maintenance of a Collective Orientation amongst Redundant Steel Workers. Sociology 2006. [10] Ibid. [11] Ibid. [12] Ibid. [13] Tajfel, H. Social identity and intergroup behavior. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 1982 [14] Woodward, K. ed. An introduction to the Social Sciences: Understanding Social Change: questioning identity: gender, class, nation. Routledge. London. 2002. [15] Tajfel, H. Social identity and intergroup behavior. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 1982

Whether Einstein Was a Plagiarist or Not :: Plagiarism Albert Einstein Scientists Essays

Whether Einstein Was a Plagiarist or Not Proponents of Einstein have acted in a way that appears to corrupt the historical record. Albert Einstein (1879-1955), Time Magazine's "Person of the Century", wrote a long treatise on special relativity theory (it was actually called "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", 1905a), without listing any references. Many of the key ideas it presented were known to Lorentz (for example, the Lorentz transformation) and Poincarà © before Einstein wrote the famous 1905 paper. As was typical of Einstein, he did not discover theories; he merely commandeered them. He took an existing body of knowledge, picked and chose the ideas he liked, then wove them into a tale about his contribution to special relativity. This was done with the full knowledge and consent of many of his peers, such as the editors at Annalen der Physik. The most recognisable equation of all time is E = mc2. It is attributed by convention to be the sole province of Albert Einstein (1905). However, the conversion of matter into energy and energy into matter was known to Sir Isaac Newton ("Gross bodies and light are convertible into one another...", 1704). The equation can be attributed to S. Tolver Preston (1875), to Jules Henri Poincarà © (1900; according to Brown, 1967) and to Olinto De Pretto (1904) before Einstein. Since Einstein never correctly derived E = mc2 (Ives, 1952), there appears nothing to connect the equation with anything original by Einstein. Arthur Eddington's selective presentation of data from the 1919 Eclipse so that it supposedly supported "Einstein's" general relativity theory is surely one of the biggest scientific hoaxes of the 20th century. His lavish support of Einstein corrupted the course of history. Eddington was less interested in testing a theory than he was in crowning Einstein the king of science. The physics community, unwittingly perhaps, has engaged in a kind of fraud and silent conspiracy; this is the byproduct of simply being bystanders as the hyperinflation of Einstein's record and reputation took place. This silence benefited anyone supporting Einstein. Introduction Science, by its very nature, is insular. In general, chemists read and write about chemistry, biologists read and write about biology, and physicists read and write about physics. But they may all be competing for the same research dollar (in its broadest sense). Thus, if scientists wanted more money for themselves, they might decide to compete unfairly. The way they can do this is convince the funding agencies that they are more important than any other branch of science.